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Abstracts:
Congenital
malformations of the gallbladder and cystic duct diagnosed by
laparoscopy: high surgical risk.
JSLS. 1999 Oct-Dec;3(4):319-21.
Congenital
anomalies of the gallbladder are rare and can be accompanied by other
malformations of the biliary or vascular tree. Being difficult to
diagnose during routine preoperative studies, these anomalies can
provide surgeons with an unusual surprise during laparoscopic surgery.
The presence of any congenital anomaly or the mere suspicion of its
existence demands that we exercise surgical prudence, limit the use of
electrocoagulation, and ensure that no structure be divided until a
clear picture of the bile ducts and blood vessels is obtained. If
necessary, perform intraoperative cholangiography to further define
the biliary system. However, if the case remains unclear, or if
laparoscopy does not provide enough information, open surgery should
be considered before undesirable complications occur.
Ultrasonic features
of congenital anomalies of the gallbladder.
J Radiol. 2000 Nov;81(11):1591-4.
Congenital
anomalies of the gallbladder (GB) correspond to the ultimate
manifestation of the wide range of anatomical variations that may
affect the GB. Anomalies may be numerical: duplication, accessory GB,
and, rarely, agenesis. Anomalies of position are more common: ectopic
GB, floating or wandering GB. Morphological anomalies (septations) are
the most common GB anomalies. Most of these anomalies may result in
pitfalls at US imaging.
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